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Four years later he takes the name Augustus, marking the end of the Republic and the birth of the Roman empire. Octavian defeats the forces of Roman general Mark Antony and Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt at the battle of Actium in the waters off Greece, cementing his rule of Rome.
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(Photo by Konstantin32 | ) 2 September 31 BC The Terracotta Army – some 8,000 warriors guarding the tomb of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuangdi – was discovered near Xi’an in 1974. After his death in 210 BC, his tomb is guarded by an army of some 8,000 terracotta warriors. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, completes his conquest of competing states, creating a Chinese state that effectively continues to this day, and takes a new title, Qin Shihuangdi: ‘Divine August Emperor of Qin’ – the First Emperor. Over the following three centuries, Greece, north Africa, Spain, Gaul, Egypt and Britain are subjugated, becoming Roman provinces. Rome defeats Carthage at the battle of the Egadi Islands near Sicily, concluding its victory in the first of the Punic Wars and establishing its dominance across the western Mediterranean.